A non-relational or NoSQL database is known as a NoSQL database. These databases are designed to handle unstructured data, allowing for flexible schema and scalability, unlike traditional relational databases. They are commonly used in applications that require high performance and can accommodate various data formats, such as documents, key-value pairs, or graphs. Examples include Cassandra, MongoDB, and Redis. The benefits include improved scalability and the ability to manage large volumes of diverse data types.