The term describing a network topology where each device is connected to a central hub is called a star topology. In this configuration, all nodes or computers communicate through the hub, which acts as a mediator for data transmission. Star topology is popular due to its ease of installation and management; if one connection fails, it does not affect others. However, if the central hub fails, the entire network is compromised. This topology is commonly used in local area networks (LANs) and can be easily scaled by adding new devices.