The programming concept that allows the creation of multiple objects based on a **class** is known as **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**. In OOP, a class defines a blueprint for objects, encapsulating data and behaviors. This allows for **inheritance**, **encapsulation**, and **polymorphism**, making code more modular, reusable, and easier to maintain. Instances (or objects) created from a class can interact with each other, enhancing abstraction and complexity management in software development.