The term for malicious software designed to harm or exploit computers is malware. This category includes various types of software such as viruses, worms, trojan horses, and ransomware. Malware can corrupt, steal, or delete data and is often used to compromise network security. Organizations deploy security measures like antivirus programs and firewalls to protect against malware attacks and mitigate potential risks. Awareness and education are also crucial in defending against these threats.