The primary benefit of using a containerization platform like Docker is its ability to enable application portability across different computing environments. By encapsulating an application and its dependencies within a container, Docker ensures that applications run consistently regardless of the underlying infrastructure. This eliminates the "it works on my machine" problem, simplifying deployment and scaling processes. Additionally, containers enhance resource utilization and streamline development workflows, allowing teams to build, test, and release software more efficiently while maintaining isolation and security.