The physical components of a computer system are collectively called hardware. Hardware includes essential elements such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (like hard drives and SSDs), and peripheral devices (like keyboards, mice, and displays). Each hardware component serves a specific function, working together to enable computing tasks. Proper configuration and maintenance of hardware are crucial for ensuring optimal performance and stability. As technology evolves, hardware becomes increasingly sophisticated, influencing the capabilities of computer systems.