The main components of blockchain technology include a decentralized network, cryptographic hashing, and consensus mechanisms. The decentralized network allows multiple participants to maintain a shared ledger, ensuring transparency and security. Cryptographic hashing guarantees the integrity of the data blocks by linking them securely, making unauthorized modifications virtually impossible. Consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work and Proof of Stake, ensure that all parties agree on the validity of transactions, securing the network against fraud. Collectively, these components enable trustless transactions and enhance the reliability of distributed applications.