Cloud computing architecture fundamentally consists of components like front-end and back-end. The front-end comprises client devices and applications that interact with the cloud, while the back-end includes servers, storage systems, and databases that deliver services and resources. Essential elements also involve virtualization technologies, enabling efficient resource allocation and scalability. Security, network connectivity, and management tools are integral for seamless operation. Together, these concepts facilitate on-demand access to resources over the internet, promoting efficiency and cost-effectiveness.