Internet protocols manage data transmission by providing a standardized format for communication between devices over a network. These protocols, such as TCP/IP, define how data packets are constructed, transmitted, and received, ensuring reliable and orderly communication. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) handles error-checking and recovery, while the Internet Protocol (IP) manages addressing and routing. Together, they enable seamless connectivity and support various applications, including web browsing, email, and file sharing, by establishing rules that facilitate effective data exchange.