Different programming paradigms impact software design by influencing how developers structure and approach problem-solving. For example, object-oriented programming (OOP) emphasizes encapsulation and modularity, promoting code reusability and maintainability. Conversely, functional programming focuses on immutability and pure functions, enhancing predictability and reducing side effects. Each paradigm carries unique strengths and weaknesses, leading to varied design patterns and methodologies. Understanding these paradigms allows developers to choose the most suitable approach for a project, ultimately shaping the architecture and efficiency of the software solution.