The scientist known for his work on the periodic table of elements is Dmitri Mendeleev. In the 19th century, he developed the first widely recognized periodic table, organizing elements based on their atomic mass and properties. Mendeleev's arrangement highlighted the periodic trends among elements, allowing for predictions about the existence of undiscovered elements. His contributions laid the groundwork for modern chemistry and the development of the periodic law, which relates the properties of elements to their atomic numbers.