The biome characterized by low temperatures and permafrost is known as the tundra. This region is typically found in polar areas, with harsh conditions that limit vegetation to mosses, lichens, and small shrubs. The ground remains frozen for most of the year, except during a brief summer thaw, which allows some plant growth. The inability of organisms to thrive due to severe cold and nutrient limitations defines this biome. Tundra ecosystems support unique adaptations in flora and fauna, making them crucial areas for ecological study and conservation.