The type of cell division that occurs during meiosis is known as reduction division. This specialized form of cell division results in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes compared to the original cell. Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, which include processes like crossing-over and independent assortment. These mechanisms contribute to genetic diversity among offspring. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, ensuring proper chromosome number in generations and promoting variation in populations.