The process that describes the evolution of new species from a common ancestor is known as speciation. Speciation typically occurs through mechanisms such as allopatric speciation, where populations are geographically separated, leading to genetic divergence. Another mode is sympatric speciation, occurring without physical barriers, often through genetic mutations or behavioral changes. Understanding speciation is crucial for comprehending biodiversity and the evolutionary history of organisms. It illustrates the dynamic processes that generate and maintain the diversity of life on Earth.