Thermal conduction is the process by which heat energy is transferred through a material without the bulk movement of the material itself. It occurs when faster-moving particles collide with slower-moving particles, transferring energy in solids, liquids, and gases. In solids, conduction occurs more efficiently due to closely packed particles. Good conductors, like metals, allow heat to flow easily, while insulators, such as rubber or wood, impede heat transfer. Understanding thermal conduction is essential in fields like thermodynamics and engineering.