The term for organisms that are capable of living in extreme temperature conditions is thermophiles or extremophiles, depending on their specific environmental tolerance. These organisms thrive in environments that are either very hot or very cold, often exceeding the limits of typical life. They possess unique adaptations, such as heat-stable enzymes, enabling survival in harsh conditions. Understanding extremophiles helps scientists explore the limits of life on Earth and even the potential for life in extreme environments on other planets.