The significance of plant secondary metabolites lies in their diverse roles in ecological interactions and plant defense. These compounds, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, are not directly involved in growth or reproduction but serve key functions. They can deter herbivores, attract pollinators, and inhibit the growth of competing plants. Additionally, many secondary metabolites possess medicinal properties and have been harnessed in pharmaceuticals. Understanding these compounds is crucial for biodiversity conservation, agricultural practices, and discovering new medicinal resources.