The scientific study of how pathogens affect living organisms is called pathology. This discipline encompasses the examination of diseases caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Pathology refers to both the study of the disease processes and the symptoms associated with them. Investigating how pathogens interact with host organisms allows researchers to understand disease mechanisms, the immune response, and strategies for treatment and prevention. Findings from pathology are critical for improving healthcare and public health initiatives.