The lysosome is an organelle within a cell that functions as the cell's waste disposal system. It contains enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign pathogens, facilitating the recycling of nutrients. By digesting macromolecules and old organelles, lysosomes play a vital role in maintaining cellular health and homeostasis. Their dysfunction can lead to various diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, highlighting their importance in cellular processes.