The role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and fat tissues, allowing them to use glucose for energy. It also promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver. Insulin's action lowers blood sugar levels, preventing conditions like hyperglycemia. Abnormal insulin production or resistance can lead to disorders such as diabetes mellitus, highlighting its importance in metabolic health.