The role of chromosomes in inheritance is fundamental, as they carry the genetic information that determines an organism's traits. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA, organized into genes. During reproduction, chromosomes are passed from parent to offspring, enabling traits to be inherited. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes that are critical for maintaining genetic stability. Abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders, underscoring their importance in the transfer of genetic information across generations.