The role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis is to absorb light energy, primarily from the sun. This green pigment is crucial because it captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy, which is then used to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Chlorophyll mainly absorbs blue and red wavelengths of light, playing a vital role in powering the photosynthetic process that ultimately supports life on Earth through energy transfer in food chains.