Calcium plays several vital roles in biological systems. As a crucial mineral, it is essential for the formation of bones and teeth in vertebrates, providing strength and structure. Calcium ions also act as important signaling molecules in various physiological processes, including muscle contractions and the release of neurotransmitters at synapses. Furthermore, calcium is involved in blood clotting and facilitates numerous metabolic reactions. Maintaining proper calcium levels is crucial for overall health, as deficiencies can lead to conditions like osteoporosis.