The relationship between energy and biomass in ecosystems lies in the flow of energy through food webs. Producers (such as plants) convert solar energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis, which forms biomass. This biomass is then consumed by herbivores (primary consumers), transferring energy up the food chain. This energy transfer continues to carnivores (secondary consumers) and decomposers, with each trophic level losing energy in the form of heat. Consequently, biomass decreases at higher trophic levels, emphasizing the need for a substantial base of producers to sustain the entire ecosystem.