The process in which a species completely disappears from Earth is known as extinction. This occurs when the last individual of a species dies, leading to irreversible loss of biodiversity. Extinction can result from various factors, including habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation, and disease. The consequences of extinction are profound, affecting ecosystems and the interconnected web of life. Understanding the causes and consequences of extinction is crucial for conservation efforts aimed at preserving endangered species and maintaining ecosystem balance.