The process by which communities of organisms change over time is called ecological succession. This natural phenomenon involves the gradual replacement of one community by another, influencing biodiversity and ecosystem development. Succession can be classified as primary, occurring on previously uninhabited surfaces, or secondary, taking place in areas where disturbance has cleared existing biota. Factors such as climate, soil health, and species interactions contribute to the dynamics of succession. Understanding this process is pivotal for conservation efforts and ecosystem management, allowing restoration of degraded habitats and maintenance of biodiversity.