The primary factor influencing ocean biodiversity is the availability of nutrients. Nutrient-rich waters, often found in upwelling zones, foster phytoplankton growth, creating a foundation for marine food webs. Factors such as light, temperature, and habitat complexity also play significant roles in supporting diverse marine life. Changes in nutrient levels can dramatically impact ecosystems, leading to phenomena like algae blooms or declines in species diversity. Understanding these factors is crucial for marine conservation and resource management.