The primary factor affecting species extinction rates is habitat loss driven primarily by human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation. This loss leads to a decrease in viable living spaces, fragmentation, and diminished genetic diversity, making it harder for species to survive and reproduce. Additionally, climate change, pollution, and invasive species exacerbate extinction pressures. Conserving habitats and implementing protective measures are crucial for preventing further biodiversity loss and promoting the recovery of threatened species.