The name for the evolutionary process that leads to the formation of new species is called speciation. This process occurs when populations of a species become genetically isolated due to factors such as geographic barriers, environmental changes, or behavioral differences. Over time, these populations may undergo genetic divergence, resulting in reproductive isolation and the emergence of distinct species. Speciation can take various forms, such as allopatric, sympatric, or parapatric speciation, each characterized by different mechanisms of isolation and adaptation. Understanding speciation is crucial for studying biodiversity and evolutionary biology.