The main type of cell found in the nervous system is known as a neuron. Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body. They consist of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the cell body processes this information, and the axon sends impulses to other neurons or muscles. Neurons play a critical role in communication within the nervous system, facilitating reflexes, sensory perception, and all cognitive functions.