The ecological impact of chemical fertilizers is significant, often leading to soil degradation and water pollution. While fertilizers can boost crop yields by providing essential nutrients, their overuse can lead to nutrient runoff into water bodies, causing eutrophication. This process results in excessive algae growth, depleting oxygen levels and harming aquatic life. Furthermore, chemical fertilizers can disrupt the natural soil microbiome and reduce biodiversity, ultimately impacting ecosystem health and function. Sustainable agricultural practices are essential to mitigate these negative effects.