The common name for the double helix structure of DNA is simply DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. This structure consists of two strands wound around each other, formed by nucleotide pairs that represent genetic information. The double helix is essential for replication and transcription processes, enabling the transfer of genetic material in living organisms. The understanding of DNA's structure has revolutionized biology and medicine, allowing advances in genetics, biotechnology, and forensic science.