Genetic information is stored in the sequences of nucleotides within DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The order of these bases encodes the instructions necessary for building and maintaining an organism. Genes, specific segments of DNA, dictate traits and biological functions. While most genetic information is stored in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, some is also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Understanding genetic storage is fundamental to the fields of genetics and biotechnology.