In sports science, stamina refers to an individual's ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort. It is crucial for athletes to maintain optimal performance over extended periods, particularly in endurance sports like marathon running or cycling. Stamina is often enhanced through training that improves cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and energy management. Two main types of stamina are muscular stamina, which relates to muscle endurance, and aerobic stamina, which pertains to the efficiency of the body's aerobic energy systems.