An ecosystem is defined as a complex network of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with their physical environment (abiotic factors) within a specific area. Ecosystems can vary significantly in size and type, ranging from small ponds to vast forests. They encompass various elements, including plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, water, and climate. Ecosystems function through energy flow and nutrient cycling, where organisms rely on one another for survival. Understanding ecosystems is crucial for assessing ecological health and implementing conservation strategies to protect biodiversity and ecological integrity.