The two main types of nerve cells in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are responsible for conducting electrical signals throughout the body and play a vital role in transmitting information between the brain and other parts of the body. They consist of a cell body, axons, and dendrites. On the other hand, glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate nutrient exchange. Together, these two cell types ensure proper communication and functioning of the nervous system.