The primary cause of the French Revolution related to political discontent stemming from the inequities of the old regime and the rising influence of Enlightenment ideas. The Third Estate, representing commoners, faced heavy taxation while the privileged classes enjoyed numerous exemptions. Growing resentment due to inequality and the desire for representation fostered revolutionary sentiments. Additionally, economic hardship and fiscal mismanagement heightened public unrest, leading to demands for reform. This political crisis culminated in the revolution, which sought to establish principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.