Interest groups significantly shape public policy through advocacy, lobbying, and campaign financing. These organizations represent diverse interests, such as environmental protection, business, labor, or civil rights, aiming to influence legislation and regulatory frameworks. They do this by mobilizing grassroots support, conducting research, and providing policymakers with information to advance their agendas. Interest groups often collaborate with political parties and engage in coalition-building to enhance their impact. By representing specific concerns, they can bring about meaningful changes in public policy, although their influence may sometimes lead to inequities when certain interests overpower others.