The separation of powers is significant in a political system as it creates distinct institutions responsible for legislative, executive, and judicial functions, preventing any single entity from acquiring excessive power. This framework enhances checks and balances, ensuring that each branch can hold the others accountable and uphold the rule of law. It fosters democratic governance by protecting individual liberties and promoting fair representation. Additionally, the separation of powers helps mitigate tyranny and arbitrariness, encouraging stability and public trust in the political system.