"Political polarization" refers to the increasing ideological division between political parties, leading to heightened partisanship and reduced consensus. In contemporary society, this phenomenon manifests in extreme positions on issues like immigration, healthcare, and climate change, resulting in gridlock in legislative bodies and decreased cooperation. Political polarization can diminish the effectiveness of governance, as compromise becomes more challenging. It also impacts public discourse, fostering a divisive environment where mutual understanding and respectful dialogue become less frequent.