The electoral process varies significantly between countries, influenced by historical, political, and cultural contexts. Different nations utilize diverse systems, including first-past-the-post, proportional representation, and mixed systems, each impacting how votes translate into seats. Additionally, electoral integrity, such as the presence of independent electoral commissions, affects public trust in the outcomes. Voter participation rates, campaign regulations, and the role of political parties also differ widely, shaping the nature of electoral competitiveness and democratic engagement.