An executive order differs from a law passed by the legislature in terms of authority and process. Executive orders are issued by the president or state governors, allowing them to manage operations within the executive branch efficiently. They do not require legislative approval but can influence policy or enforce laws. In contrast, laws must pass through the entire legislative process, which includes debate, amendment, and voting. While executive orders can be powerful tools for immediate action, they are often subject to judicial review and can be overturned by subsequent administrations or legislative acts.