Political alliances form through shared interests, ideologies, and goals at both national and international levels. At the national level, parties may collaborate during elections or legislative processes to achieve common objectives, driven by the need for coalition-building in parliamentary systems. Internationally, alliances can develop through diplomatic relations, trade agreements, or military pacts, such as NATO or trade blocs. These alliances are influenced by factors like geopolitical considerations, mutual benefits, and responses to external threats, contributing to a complex landscape of global cooperation.