The mythological figure best known for navigating a treacherous sea is Odysseus from Homer's "Odyssey." His journey home after the Trojan War is fraught with peril, including encounters with mythical creatures like the Sirens and Scylla. Odysseus exemplifies the themes of cunning and survival, overcoming formidable obstacles through resilience and intelligence. His adventures symbolize the broader human struggle against life's uncertainties and the quest for homecoming.