The myth of Hades and Persephone represents the cycle of life and death, illustrating the seasonal changes in nature. Hades, the god of the underworld, abducts Persephone, leading her to spend part of the year in the underworld and the rest with her mother, Demeter, symbolizing the rebirth of nature in spring. This myth emphasizes themes of loss, renewal, and the balance between light and dark in the human experience.