The main Axis Powers in World War II were Germany, Italy, and Japan. These nations formed a military alliance in the late 1930s, pursuing expansionist policies and aggressive warfare against other countries. Germany, under Adolf Hitler, sought to establish dominance in Europe; Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, aimed to create a new Roman Empire; and Japan sought to expand its influence in Asia and the Pacific. Their cooperation in military strategies and campaigns led to significant territorial gains initially, but ultimately resulted in their defeat by the Allied Powers in 1945, dramatically reshaping the geopolitical landscape.