The powerful monarch during the height of the French Empire was Napoleon Bonaparte. Rising to prominence during the French Revolution, he eventually became Emperor of the French in 1804, establishing a vast empire that dominated much of Europe. Napoleon is known for his innovative military strategies and reforms, which spread liberal ideas and the Napoleonic Code across conquered territories. His reign marked an era of significant political and social change in France and influenced the course of European history. However, his ambitions ultimately led to his downfall after a failed invasion of Russia, culminating in his abdication and exile.