The last Tsar of Russia executed during the Russian Revolution was Nicholas II. His reign faced immense hardship, marked by increasing dissatisfaction with the monarchy, particularly during World War I, which exacerbated economic struggles and military failures. In 1917, Nicholas II abdicated amid growing unrest and the Bolshevik Revolution. He and his family were placed under house arrest, and in July 1918, they were executed by Bolshevik forces in Yekaterinburg. Nicholas II's fall symbolizes the end of centuries of Romanov rule and significant historical transformation in Russia, setting the stage for the establishment of the Soviet Union.