The influential figure who led the independence movement in the Philippines against Spanish rule was José Rizal. A national hero and prominent intellectual, Rizal advocated for reforms through his writings and peaceful activism. His novel, "Noli Me Tangere," highlighted social injustices and catalyzed nationalist sentiments among Filipinos. Rizal's execution in 1896 galvanized the revolutionary movement, ultimately leading to the Philippine Revolution and the declaration of independence in 1898, marking a significant step in the quest for sovereignty and national identity.