The first Tsar of Russia was Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible. He was crowned in 1547 and became known for centralizing and consolidating power within the Russian state. His reign was marked by significant territorial expansion, including the conquest of Khanates and the establishment of Russian footholds in Siberia. However, Ivan's tenure was also characterized by periods of intense violence and paranoia, particularly during the Oprichnina, a state policy that involved the persecution of perceived enemies. Despite his tumultuous legacy, Ivan IV paved the way for future leaders in strengthening the Russian monarchy.